Neighborhood and Built Environment
Neighborhood and built environments have health impacts for the people who live there. Aspects
of neighborhood environments include walkability, land use mix and urbanity, retail, recreational
areas, restaurants, fast food outlets, cultural and education institutions, and pollution, such
as from traffic or waste sites. HealthyPeople2020 classifies neighborhood and built environment
factors into these four
categories:
- Access to Healthy Foods
- Quality of Housing
- Crime and Violence
- Environmental Conditions
A neighborhood's built environment can have an influence on residents' health. For example,
- The more grocery stores in close proximity to where people live, the lower their blood pressure and body mass index tended to be. A fast food outlet in close proximity to where people live was linked to higher body mass index.
- Neighborhood walkability was associated with physical activity and obesity.
- Neighborhood presence of hazardous waste facilities enhanced negative effects of stress.
- Neighborhoods with more older homes have a higher risk of childhood lead exposure.
Air Quality
Food Insecurity
Childhood Lead Exposure
Community Water
- Arsenic Concentration in Community Water
- Atrizine Concentration in Community Water
- Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) Concentration in Community Water
- Haloacetic Acids (Five) (HAA5) Concentration - Disinfection Byproducts
- Nitrate Concentration
- Radium Concentration
- Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) Concentration in Community Water
- Trichloroethylene (TCE) Concentration in Community Water
- Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Concentration - Disinfection Byproducts
- Uranium Concentration